ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: There are no data in the literature with regard to the acute effects of different styles of music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability. In this study, we evaluated the acute effects of relaxant baroque and excitatory heavy metal music on the geometric indices of heart rate variability in women. METHODS: We conducted this study in 21 healthy women ranging in age from 18 to 35 years. We excluded persons with previous experience with musical instruments and persons who had an affinity for the song styles. We evaluated two groups: Group 1 (n = 21), who were exposed to relaxant classical baroque musical and excitatory heavy metal auditory stimulation; and Group 2 (n = 19), who were exposed to both styles of music and white noise auditory stimulation. Using earphones, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy metal music for five minutes. After the first music exposure to baroque or heavy metal music, they remained at rest for five minutes; subsequently, they were re-exposed to the opposite music (70-80 dB). A different group of women were exposed to the same music styles plus white noise auditory stimulation (90 dB). The sequence of the songs was randomized for each individual. We analyzed the following indices: triangular index, triangular interpolation of RR intervals and Poincaré plot (standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability, standard deviation of the long-term RR interval, standard deviation of instantaneous beat-by-beat variability and standard deviation of the long-term RR interval ratio), low frequency, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency ratio, standard deviation of all the normal RR intervals, root-mean square of differences between the adjacent normal RR intervals and the percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms. Heart rate variability was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. ...
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Young Adult , Acoustic Stimulation/methods , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Music , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Music Therapy , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A literatura já demonstrou que a estimulação auditiva por meio de música influencia o sistema cardiovascular. Neste estudo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a fim de investigar a relação entre os mecanismos auditivos e a regulação autonômica cardíaca. Os estudos selecionados indicaram forte correlação entre a intensidade do ruído e o equilíbrio simpatovagal. Além disso, foi relatado que a terapia com música melhorou a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca em pacientes com câncer de mama tratados com antraciclinas. Postula-se que a dopamina liberada no sistema estriatal, induzida por canções alegres, está envolvida na regulação autonômica. Estudos posteriores sãonecessários para adicionar novos elementos na literatura, para melhorar a novas terapias e para o tratar doenças cardiovasculares.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Acoustic Stimulation , Autonomic Nervous System , Cardiovascular System , Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/therapy , Music TherapyABSTRACT
Previous studies have already demonstrated that auditory stimulation with music influences the cardiovascular system. In this study, we described the relationship between musical auditory stimulation and heart rate variability. Searches were performed with the Medline, SciELO, Lilacs and Cochrane databases using the following keywords: "auditory stimulation", "autonomic nervous system", "music" and "heart rate variability". The selected studies indicated that there is a strong correlation between noise intensity and vagal-sympathetic balance. Additionally, it was reported that music therapy improved heart rate variability in anthracycline-treated breast cancer patients. It was hypothesized that dopamine release in the striatal system induced by pleasurable songs is involved in cardiac autonomic regulation. Musical auditory stimulation influences heart rate variability through a neural mechanism that is not well understood. Further studies are necessary to develop new therapies to treat cardiovascular disorders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acoustic Stimulation/psychology , Autonomic Nervous System/physiology , Heart Rate/physiology , Music TherapyABSTRACT
O exame de 100 crânios humanos secos revelou que em 61 por cento dos casos o forame jugular é maior no lado direito; em 26 por cento, no esquerdo; e em 13 por cento é simétrico na forma e dimensöes. O forame jugular é dividido por um septo ósseo em dois compartimentos (em 5 por cento dos casos bilateralmente); em 7 por cento, somente no lado direito; e, em 3 por cento dos casos, apenas no lado esquerdo. A formaçäo de um terceiro forame para o seio petroso ocorre por outra septaçäo do forame jugular devido a uma ponte óssea presente em 6 por cento dos casos a direita e em 5 por cento à esquerda. A fossa jugular é bem formada em ambos os lados em 86 por cento dos casos; ocorre apenas unilateralmente à direita em 10 por cento; e unilateralmente à esquerda em 4 por cento dos casos